// Copyright 2018 Google Inc.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package kernel

import (
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"

	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/bpf"
	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/context"
	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/fs"
	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/inet"
	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth"
	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/futex"
	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/sched"
	ktime "gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/time"
	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/limits"
	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/platform"
	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/uniqueid"
	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usage"
	"gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sentry/usermem"
	ssync "gvisor.googlesource.com/gvisor/pkg/sync"
)

// Task represents a thread of execution in the untrusted app.  It
// includes registers and any thread-specific state that you would
// normally expect.
//
// Each task is associated with a goroutine, called the task goroutine, that
// executes code (application code, system calls, etc.) on behalf of that task.
// See Task.run (task_run.go).
//
// All fields that are "owned by the task goroutine" can only be mutated by the
// task goroutine while it is running. The task goroutine does not require
// synchronization to read these fields, although it still requires
// synchronization as described for those fields to mutate them.
//
// All fields that are "exclusive to the task goroutine" can only be accessed
// by the task goroutine while it is running. The task goroutine does not
// require synchronization to read or write these fields.
//
// +stateify savable
type Task struct {
	taskNode

	// runState is what the task goroutine is executing if it is not stopped.
	// If runState is nil, the task goroutine should exit or has exited.
	// runState is exclusive to the task goroutine.
	runState taskRunState

	// haveSyscallReturn is true if tc.Arch().Return() represents a value
	// returned by a syscall (or set by ptrace after a syscall).
	//
	// haveSyscallReturn is exclusive to the task goroutine.
	haveSyscallReturn bool

	// interruptChan is notified whenever the task goroutine is interrupted
	// (usually by a pending signal). interruptChan is effectively a condition
	// variable that can be used in select statements.
	//
	// interruptChan is not saved; because saving interrupts all tasks,
	// interruptChan is always notified after restore (see Task.run).
	interruptChan chan struct{} `state:"nosave"`

	// gosched contains the current scheduling state of the task goroutine.
	//
	// gosched is protected by goschedSeq. gosched is owned by the task
	// goroutine.
	goschedSeq ssync.SeqCount `state:"nosave"`
	gosched    TaskGoroutineSchedInfo

	// yieldCount is the number of times the task goroutine has called
	// Task.InterruptibleSleepStart, Task.UninterruptibleSleepStart, or
	// Task.Yield(), voluntarily ceasing execution.
	//
	// yieldCount is accessed using atomic memory operations. yieldCount is
	// owned by the task goroutine.
	yieldCount uint64

	// pendingSignals is the set of pending signals that may be handled only by
	// this task.
	//
	// pendingSignals is protected by (taskNode.)tg.signalHandlers.mu
	// (hereafter "the signal mutex"); see comment on
	// ThreadGroup.signalHandlers.
	pendingSignals pendingSignals

	// If haveSavedSignalMask is true, savedSignalMask is the signal mask that
	// should be applied after the task has either delivered one signal to a
	// user handler or is about to resume execution in the untrusted
	// application.
	//
	// Both haveSavedSignalMask and savedSignalMask are exclusive to the task
	// goroutine.
	haveSavedSignalMask bool
	savedSignalMask     linux.SignalSet

	// signalStack is the alternate signal stack used by signal handlers for
	// which the SA_ONSTACK flag is set.
	//
	// signalStack is exclusive to the task goroutine.
	signalStack arch.SignalStack

	// If groupStopRequired is true, the task should enter a group stop in the
	// interrupt path. groupStopRequired is not redundant with
	// tg.groupStopPhase != groupStopNone, because ptrace allows tracers to
	// resume individual tasks from a group stop without ending the group stop
	// as a whole.
	//
	// groupStopRequired is analogous to JOBCTL_TRAP_STOP in Linux, except that
	// Linux only uses that flag for ptraced tasks.
	//
	// groupStopRequired is protected by the signal mutex.
	groupStopRequired bool

	// If groupStopAcknowledged is true, the task has already acknowledged that
	// it is entering the most recent group stop that has been initiated on its
	// thread group. groupStopAcknowledged is only meaningful if
	// tg.groupStopPhase == groupStopInitiated.
	//
	// groupStopAcknowledged is analogous to !JOBCTL_STOP_CONSUME in Linux.
	//
	// groupStopAcknowledged is protected by the signal mutex.
	groupStopAcknowledged bool

	// If stop is not nil, it is the internally-initiated condition that
	// currently prevents the task goroutine from running.
	//
	// stop is protected by the signal mutex.
	stop TaskStop

	// stopCount is the number of active external stops (calls to
	// Task.BeginExternalStop that have not been paired with a call to
	// Task.EndExternalStop), plus 1 if stop is not nil. Hence stopCount is
	// non-zero if the task goroutine should stop.
	//
	// Mutating stopCount requires both locking the signal mutex and using
	// atomic memory operations. Reading stopCount requires either locking the
	// signal mutex or using atomic memory operations. This allows Task.doStop
	// to require only a single atomic read in the common case where stopCount
	// is 0.
	//
	// stopCount is not saved, because external stops cannot be retained across
	// a save/restore cycle. (Suppose a sentryctl command issues an external
	// stop; after a save/restore cycle, the restored sentry has no knowledge
	// of the pre-save sentryctl command, and the stopped task would remain
	// stopped forever.)
	stopCount int32 `state:"nosave"`

	// endStopCond is signaled when stopCount transitions to 0. The combination
	// of stopCount and endStopCond effectively form a sync.WaitGroup, but
	// WaitGroup provides no way to read its counter value.
	//
	// Invariant: endStopCond.L is the signal mutex. (This is not racy because
	// sync.Cond.Wait is the only user of sync.Cond.L; only the task goroutine
	// calls sync.Cond.Wait; and only the task goroutine can change the
	// identity of the signal mutex, in Task.finishExec.)
	endStopCond sync.Cond `state:"nosave"`

	// exitStatus is the task's exit status.
	//
	// exitStatus is protected by the signal mutex.
	exitStatus ExitStatus

	// syscallRestartBlock represents a custom restart function to run in
	// restart_syscall(2) to resume an interrupted syscall.
	//
	// syscallRestartBlock is exclusive to the task goroutine.
	syscallRestartBlock SyscallRestartBlock

	// mu protects some of the following fields.
	mu sync.Mutex `state:"nosave"`

	// tc and tr form the majority of the task's data.
	//
	// tc and tr are protected by mu. tc and tr are owned by the task
	// goroutine. tr.signalMask is protected by the signal mutex and must be
	// written using atomic memory operations (such that reading tr.signalMask
	// is safe if the signal mutex is locked or if atomic memory operations are
	// used), but is also owned by the task goroutine.
	tc TaskContext
	tr TaskResources

	// p provides the mechanism by which the task runs code in userspace. The p
	// interface object is immutable.
	p platform.Context `state:"nosave"`

	// k is the Kernel that this task belongs to. The k pointer is immutable.
	k *Kernel

	// If vforkParent is not nil, it is the task that created this task with
	// vfork() or clone(CLONE_VFORK), and should have its vforkStop ended when
	// this TaskContext is released.
	//
	// vforkParent is protected by the TaskSet mutex.
	vforkParent *Task

	// exitState is the task's progress through the exit path.
	//
	// exitState is protected by the TaskSet mutex. exitState is owned by the
	// task goroutine.
	exitState TaskExitState

	// exitTracerNotified is true if the exit path has either signaled the
	// task's tracer to indicate the exit, or determined that no such signal is
	// needed. exitTracerNotified can only be true if exitState is
	// TaskExitZombie or TaskExitDead.
	//
	// exitTracerNotified is protected by the TaskSet mutex.
	exitTracerNotified bool

	// exitTracerAcked is true if exitTracerNotified is true and either the
	// task's tracer has acknowledged the exit notification, or the exit path
	// has determined that no such notification is needed.
	//
	// exitTracerAcked is protected by the TaskSet mutex.
	exitTracerAcked bool

	// exitParentNotified is true if the exit path has either signaled the
	// task's parent to indicate the exit, or determined that no such signal is
	// needed. exitParentNotified can only be true if exitState is
	// TaskExitZombie or TaskExitDead.
	//
	// exitParentNotified is protected by the TaskSet mutex.
	exitParentNotified bool

	// exitParentAcked is true if exitParentNotified is true and either the
	// task's parent has acknowledged the exit notification, or the exit path
	// has determined that no such acknowledgment is needed.
	//
	// exitParentAcked is protected by the TaskSet mutex.
	exitParentAcked bool

	// goroutineStopped is a WaitGroup whose counter value is 1 when the task
	// goroutine is running and 0 when the task goroutine is stopped or has
	// exited.
	goroutineStopped sync.WaitGroup `state:"nosave"`

	// ptraceTracer is the task that is ptrace-attached to this one. If
	// ptraceTracer is nil, this task is not being traced. Note that due to
	// atomic.Value limitations (atomic.Value.Store(nil) panics), a nil
	// ptraceTracer is always represented as a typed nil (i.e. (*Task)(nil)).
	//
	// ptraceTracer is protected by the TaskSet mutex, and accessed with atomic
	// operations. This allows paths that wouldn't otherwise lock the TaskSet
	// mutex, notably the syscall path, to check if ptraceTracer is nil without
	// additional synchronization.
	ptraceTracer atomic.Value `state:".(*Task)"`

	// ptraceTracees is the set of tasks that this task is ptrace-attached to.
	//
	// ptraceTracees is protected by the TaskSet mutex.
	ptraceTracees map[*Task]struct{}

	// ptraceOpts contains ptrace options explicitly set by the tracer. If
	// ptraceTracer is nil, ptraceOpts is expected to be the zero value.
	//
	// ptraceOpts is protected by the TaskSet mutex.
	ptraceOpts ptraceOptions

	// ptraceSyscallMode controls ptrace behavior around syscall entry and
	// exit.
	//
	// ptraceSyscallMode is protected by the TaskSet mutex.
	ptraceSyscallMode ptraceSyscallMode

	// If ptraceSinglestep is true, the next time the task executes application
	// code, single-stepping should be enabled. ptraceSinglestep is stored
	// independently of the architecture-specific trap flag because tracer
	// detaching (which can happen concurrently with the tracee's execution if
	// the tracer exits) must disable single-stepping, and the task's
	// architectural state is implicitly exclusive to the task goroutine (no
	// synchronization occurs before passing registers to SwitchToApp).
	//
	// ptraceSinglestep is analogous to Linux's TIF_SINGLESTEP.
	//
	// ptraceSinglestep is protected by the TaskSet mutex.
	ptraceSinglestep bool

	// If t is ptrace-stopped, ptraceCode is a ptrace-defined value set at the
	// time that t entered the ptrace stop, reset to 0 when the tracer
	// acknowledges the stop with a wait*() syscall. Otherwise, it is the
	// signal number passed to the ptrace operation that ended the last ptrace
	// stop on this task. In the latter case, the effect of ptraceCode depends
	// on the nature of the ptrace stop; signal-delivery-stop uses it to
	// conditionally override ptraceSiginfo, syscall-entry/exit-stops send the
	// signal to the task after leaving the stop, and PTRACE_EVENT stops and
	// traced group stops ignore it entirely.
	//
	// Linux contextually stores the equivalent of ptraceCode in
	// task_struct::exit_code.
	//
	// ptraceCode is protected by the TaskSet mutex.
	ptraceCode int32

	// ptraceSiginfo is the value returned to the tracer by
	// ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO) and modified by ptrace(PTRACE_SETSIGINFO).
	// (Despite the name, PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO is completely unrelated.)
	// ptraceSiginfo is nil if the task is in a ptraced group-stop (this is
	// required for PTRACE_GETSIGINFO to return EINVAL during such stops, which
	// is in turn required to distinguish group stops from other ptrace stops,
	// per subsection "Group-stop" in ptrace(2)).
	//
	// ptraceSiginfo is analogous to Linux's task_struct::last_siginfo.
	//
	// ptraceSiginfo is protected by the TaskSet mutex.
	ptraceSiginfo *arch.SignalInfo

	// ptraceEventMsg is the value set by PTRACE_EVENT stops and returned to
	// the tracer by ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG).
	//
	// ptraceEventMsg is protected by the TaskSet mutex.
	ptraceEventMsg uint64

	// The struct that holds the IO-related usage. The ioUsage pointer is
	// immutable.
	ioUsage *usage.IO

	// logPrefix is a string containing the task's thread ID in the root PID
	// namespace, and is prepended to log messages emitted by Task.Infof etc.
	logPrefix atomic.Value `state:".(string)"`

	// creds is the task's credentials.
	//
	// creds is protected by mu, however the value itself is immutable and
	// can only be changed by a copy. After reading the pointer, access
	// will proceed outside the scope of mu.
	creds *auth.Credentials

	// utsns is the task's UTS namespace.
	//
	// utsns is protected by mu.
	utsns *UTSNamespace

	// ipcns is the task's IPC namespace.
	//
	// ipcns is protected by mu.
	ipcns *IPCNamespace

	// parentDeathSignal is sent to this task's thread group when its parent exits.
	//
	// parentDeathSignal is protected by mu.
	parentDeathSignal linux.Signal

	// syscallFilters is all seccomp-bpf syscall filters applicable to the
	// task, in the order in which they were installed. The type of the atomic
	// is []bpf.Program. Writing needs to be protected by mu.
	//
	// syscallFilters is owned by the task goroutine.
	syscallFilters atomic.Value `state:".([]bpf.Program)"`

	// If cleartid is non-zero, treat it as a pointer to a ThreadID in the
	// task's virtual address space; when the task exits, set the pointed-to
	// ThreadID to 0, and wake any futex waiters.
	//
	// cleartid is exclusive to the task goroutine.
	cleartid usermem.Addr

	// This is mostly a fake cpumask just for sched_set/getaffinity as we
	// don't really control the affinity.
	//
	// Invariant: allowedCPUMask.Size() ==
	// sched.CPUMaskSize(Kernel.applicationCores).
	//
	// allowedCPUMask is protected by mu.
	allowedCPUMask sched.CPUSet

	// cpu is the fake cpu number returned by getcpu(2). cpu is ignored
	// entirely if Kernel.useHostCores is true.
	//
	// cpu is accessed using atomic memory operations.
	cpu int32

	// This is used to keep track of changes made to a process' priority/niceness.
	// It is mostly used to provide some reasonable return value from
	// getpriority(2) after a call to setpriority(2) has been made.
	// We currently do not actually modify a process' scheduling priority.
	// NOTE: This represents the userspace view of priority (nice).
	// This means that the value should be in the range [-20, 19].
	//
	// niceness is protected by mu.
	niceness int

	// This is used to track the numa policy for the current thread. This can be
	// modified through a set_mempolicy(2) syscall. Since we always report a
	// single numa node, all policies are no-ops. We only track this information
	// so that we can return reasonable values if the application calls
	// get_mempolicy(2) after setting a non-default policy. Note that in the
	// real syscall, nodemask can be longer than 4 bytes, but we always report a
	// single node so never need to save more than a single bit.
	//
	// numaPolicy and numaNodeMask are protected by mu.
	numaPolicy   int32
	numaNodeMask uint32

	// If netns is true, the task is in a non-root network namespace. Network
	// namespaces aren't currently implemented in full; being in a network
	// namespace simply prevents the task from observing any network devices
	// (including loopback) or using abstract socket addresses (see unix(7)).
	//
	// netns is protected by mu. netns is owned by the task goroutine.
	netns bool

	// If rseqPreempted is true, before the next call to p.Switch(), interrupt
	// RSEQ critical regions as defined by tg.rseq and write the task
	// goroutine's CPU number to rseqCPUAddr. rseqCPU is the last CPU number
	// written to rseqCPUAddr.
	//
	// If rseqCPUAddr is 0, rseqCPU is -1.
	//
	// rseqCPUAddr, rseqCPU, and rseqPreempted are exclusive to the task
	// goroutine.
	rseqPreempted bool `state:"nosave"`
	rseqCPUAddr   usermem.Addr
	rseqCPU       int32

	// copyScratchBuffer is a buffer available to CopyIn/CopyOut
	// implementations that require an intermediate buffer to copy data
	// into/out of. It prevents these buffers from being allocated/zeroed in
	// each syscall and eventually garbage collected.
	//
	// copyScratchBuffer is exclusive to the task goroutine.
	copyScratchBuffer [copyScratchBufferLen]byte `state:"nosave"`

	// blockingTimer is used for blocking timeouts. blockingTimerChan is the
	// channel that is sent to when blockingTimer fires.
	//
	// blockingTimer is exclusive to the task goroutine.
	blockingTimer     *ktime.Timer    `state:"nosave"`
	blockingTimerChan <-chan struct{} `state:"nosave"`

	// futexWaiter is used for futex(FUTEX_WAIT) syscalls.
	//
	// futexWaiter is exclusive to the task goroutine.
	futexWaiter *futex.Waiter `state:"nosave"`

	// startTime is the real time at which the task started. It is set when
	// a Task is created or invokes execve(2).
	//
	// startTime is protected by mu.
	startTime ktime.Time
}

func (t *Task) savePtraceTracer() *Task {
	return t.ptraceTracer.Load().(*Task)
}

func (t *Task) loadPtraceTracer(tracer *Task) {
	t.ptraceTracer.Store(tracer)
}

func (t *Task) saveLogPrefix() string {
	return t.logPrefix.Load().(string)
}

func (t *Task) loadLogPrefix(prefix string) {
	t.logPrefix.Store(prefix)
}

func (t *Task) saveSyscallFilters() []bpf.Program {
	if f := t.syscallFilters.Load(); f != nil {
		return f.([]bpf.Program)
	}
	return nil
}

func (t *Task) loadSyscallFilters(filters []bpf.Program) {
	t.syscallFilters.Store(filters)
}

// afterLoad is invoked by stateify.
func (t *Task) afterLoad() {
	t.interruptChan = make(chan struct{}, 1)
	t.gosched.State = TaskGoroutineNonexistent
	if t.stop != nil {
		t.stopCount = 1
	}
	t.endStopCond.L = &t.tg.signalHandlers.mu
	t.p = t.k.Platform.NewContext()
	t.rseqPreempted = true
	t.futexWaiter = futex.NewWaiter()
}

// copyScratchBufferLen is the length of the copyScratchBuffer field of the Task
// struct.
const copyScratchBufferLen = 52

// TaskMaybe is the interface for extracting Tasks out of things which may be
// or contain Task objects.
type TaskMaybe interface {
	// ExtractTask returns the Task.
	ExtractTask() *Task
}

// CopyScratchBuffer returns a scratch buffer to be used in CopyIn/CopyOut
// functions. It must only be used within those functions and can only be used
// by the task goroutine; it exists to improve performance and thus
// intentionally lacks any synchronization.
//
// Callers should pass a constant value as an argument, which will allow the
// compiler to inline and optimize out the if statement below.
func (t *Task) CopyScratchBuffer(size int) []byte {
	if size > copyScratchBufferLen {
		return make([]byte, size)
	}
	return t.copyScratchBuffer[:size]
}

// FutexWaiter returns the Task's futex.Waiter.
func (t *Task) FutexWaiter() *futex.Waiter {
	return t.futexWaiter
}

// ExtractTask implements TaskMaybe.ExtractTask.
func (t *Task) ExtractTask() *Task {
	return t
}

// TaskContext returns t's TaskContext.
//
// Precondition: The caller must be running on the task goroutine, or t.mu must
// be locked.
func (t *Task) TaskContext() *TaskContext {
	return &t.tc
}

// TaskResources returns t's TaskResources.
//
// Precondition: The caller must be running on the task goroutine, or t.mu must
// be locked.
func (t *Task) TaskResources() *TaskResources {
	return &t.tr
}

// WithMuLocked executes f with t.mu locked.
func (t *Task) WithMuLocked(f func(*Task)) {
	t.mu.Lock()
	defer t.mu.Unlock()
	f(t)
}

// Kernel returns the Kernel containing t.
func (t *Task) Kernel() *Kernel {
	return t.k
}

// Value implements context.Context.Value.
func (t *Task) Value(key interface{}) interface{} {
	switch key {
	case CtxCanTrace:
		return t.CanTrace
	case CtxKernel:
		return t.k
	case CtxPIDNamespace:
		return t.tg.pidns
	case CtxUTSNamespace:
		return t.utsns
	case CtxIPCNamespace:
		return t.ipcns
	case CtxTask:
		return t
	case auth.CtxCredentials:
		return t.creds
	case context.CtxThreadGroupID:
		return int32(t.ThreadGroup().ID())
	case fs.CtxRoot:
		return t.FSContext().RootDirectory()
	case inet.CtxStack:
		return t.NetworkContext()
	case ktime.CtxRealtimeClock:
		return t.k.RealtimeClock()
	case limits.CtxLimits:
		return t.tg.limits
	case platform.CtxPlatform:
		return t.k
	case uniqueid.CtxGlobalUniqueID:
		return t.k.UniqueID()
	case uniqueid.CtxInotifyCookie:
		return t.k.GenerateInotifyCookie()
	default:
		return nil
	}
}

// SetClearTID sets t's cleartid.
//
// Preconditions: The caller must be running on the task goroutine.
func (t *Task) SetClearTID(addr usermem.Addr) {
	t.cleartid = addr
}

// SetSyscallRestartBlock sets the restart block for use in
// restart_syscall(2). After registering a restart block, a syscall should
// return ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK to request a restart using the block.
//
// Precondition: The caller must be running on the task goroutine.
func (t *Task) SetSyscallRestartBlock(r SyscallRestartBlock) {
	t.syscallRestartBlock = r
}

// SyscallRestartBlock returns the currently registered restart block for use in
// restart_syscall(2). This function is *not* idempotent and may be called once
// per syscall. This function must not be called if a restart block has not been
// registered for the current syscall.
//
// Precondition: The caller must be running on the task goroutine.
func (t *Task) SyscallRestartBlock() SyscallRestartBlock {
	r := t.syscallRestartBlock
	// Explicitly set the restart block to nil so that a future syscall can't
	// accidentally reuse it.
	t.syscallRestartBlock = nil
	return r
}